head

Basics

head is a simple function that shows the first n values in an object, with default n = 6. Additionally, if you include a negative sign in front of your n integer, it will display the object without the last n items.

Examples

How do I look at the first six rows of data.frame `iris`?

Click to see solution

head(iris)

  Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
1          5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2  setosa
2          4.9         3.0          1.4         0.2  setosa
3          4.7         3.2          1.3         0.2  setosa
4          4.6         3.1          1.5         0.2  setosa
5          5.0         3.6          1.4         0.2  setosa
6          5.4         3.9          1.7         0.4  setosa

How do I display the first 10 lines of `iris`?

Click to see solution

head(iris, 10)

   Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
1           5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2  setosa
2           4.9         3.0          1.4         0.2  setosa
3           4.7         3.2          1.3         0.2  setosa
4           4.6         3.1          1.5         0.2  setosa
5           5.0         3.6          1.4         0.2  setosa
6           5.4         3.9          1.7         0.4  setosa
7           4.6         3.4          1.4         0.3  setosa
8           5.0         3.4          1.5         0.2  setosa
9           4.4         2.9          1.4         0.2  setosa
10          4.9         3.1          1.5         0.1  setosa

Display the `ToothGrowth` dataset without the last 30 lines.

Click to see solution

head(ToothGrowth, n = -30)

    len supp dose
1   4.2   VC  0.5
2  11.5   VC  0.5
3   7.3   VC  0.5
4   5.8   VC  0.5
5   6.4   VC  0.5
6  10.0   VC  0.5
7  11.2   VC  0.5
8  11.2   VC  0.5
9   5.2   VC  0.5
10  7.0   VC  0.5
11 16.5   VC  1.0
12 16.5   VC  1.0
13 15.2   VC  1.0
14 17.3   VC  1.0
15 22.5   VC  1.0
16 17.3   VC  1.0
17 13.6   VC  1.0
18 14.5   VC  1.0
19 18.8   VC  1.0
20 15.5   VC  1.0
21 23.6   VC  2.0
22 18.5   VC  2.0
23 33.9   VC  2.0
24 25.5   VC  2.0
25 26.4   VC  2.0
26 32.5   VC  2.0
27 26.7   VC  2.0
28 21.5   VC  2.0
29 23.3   VC  2.0
30 29.5   VC  2.0